主格
|
受格
|
所有格
|
|
人
|
who
|
who/whom
|
whose
|
事物，動物
|
which
|
which
|
whose
|
1. 主格受格
2. 主格省略
3. 受格省略
4. that
5. 限定用法、補述用法
6. 所有格
7. what
8. where
跟人有關係的關代受格，可以用who也可以用whom。通常都可以互換。只有一種狀況不可以互換，只能用whom，那就是介系詞之後，一定用whom。
Susan talks to a woman.
The girl is playing with the boy.
The man sees the piano.
Susan talks to the woman.
The woman is singing.
→ Susan talks to the woman _____ is
singing.
→ The woman _____ Susan talks to is
singing.
The girl is playing with the boy.
The boy has blond hair.
→ The girl is playing with the boy _____
has blond hair.
→ The boy _____ the girl is playing with
has blond hair.
The man is walking a dog.
The dog has black fur.
→ The man is walking a dog _____ has black
fur.
→ The dog ______ the man is walking has
black fur.
基本上不能省略，只有一種狀況可以，那就是：主格關代 + be + Ving時，主格關代跟be動詞一起省略。
Susan talks to the woman.
The woman sings.
→ Susan sees the woman who sings.
Susan talks to the woman.
The woman is singing.
→ Susan talks to the woman who is singing.
Susan talks to the woman.
The woman has sung.
→ Susan talks to the woman who has sung.
Susan talks to the woman.
The woman has been singing.
→ Susan talks to the woman who has been
singing.
Susan talks to the woman
The woman is singing.
→ Susan talks to the woman who is singing.
Susan talked to the woman.
The woman was singing.
→ Susan talked to the woman who was
singing.
Susan talks to the woman.
The woman was singing.
→ Susan talks to the woman who was singing.
複習：跟人有關係的關代受格，可以用who也可以用whom。通常都可以互換。只有一種狀況不可以互換，只能用whom，那就是介系詞之後，一定用whom。
受格省略跟人的關代受格用who還是whom有密切相關，都跟介系詞有關。
關代受格基本上都可以省略，只有一種狀況不可以省略，那就是介系詞之後，不可以省略，而且如果是人的話，用whom, 不可以用who，事物或動物的話，用which。
to whom
to which
The woman whom Susan is talking to is
beautiful.
The woman to whom Susan is talking is
beautiful.
The boy whom the girl is playing with is
blond.
The boy with whom the girl is playing is
blond.
The dog which the man is walking has black
fur.
主格
|
受格
|
所有格
|
|
人
|
who
|
who/whom
|
whose
|
事物，動物
|
which
|
which
|
whose
|
一定用that
先行詞有人有事物或動物的時候，一定用that。另外有看過很多文法書，會寫如果先行詞是最高級，或是包含序數（像是first, second)，或是包含 any, every, some這一類的字的時候，也是一定用that。這個原則台灣考試用用就好了，一般英文其實沒有這個原則。所以我這裡只介紹一般英文之中，一定會用that的原則。
Susan and her dog _____ are in the park
seem happy.
The man and his servant _______ I saw at
the airport are now at the hotel.
The woman lost her child and her suitcase _______
were both on the train.
一定不用that
有兩種狀況一定不用that。第一種是關代之前有逗號的時候，這是補述用法，接下來會再介紹補述用法跟限定用法是什麼。這裡只需要記，關代前面有逗號時，就不要用that。第二種是關代前面有介系詞的時候，不要用that。
The secretary, _______ is sexy, is popular
in the office.
The secretary _______ is sexy is popular in
the office.
The dog with _______ the boy is playing has
black fur.
5. 限定用法 vs. 補述用法
限定用法 沒有逗號
補述用法 有逗號
My brother who is studying in the UK is
coming back to Taiwan.
My brother, who is studying in the UK, is
coming back to Taiwan.
I donated money to charities which help
stray dogs.
I donated money to charities, which help
stray dogs.
6. 所有格
主格
|
受格
|
所有格
|
|
人
|
who
|
who/whom
|
whose
|
事物，動物
|
which
|
which
|
whose
|
whose = noun’s
The woman’s hair is red.
The woman is pretty.
→ The woman _______ hair is red is pretty.
The man’s suitcase is expensive.
The man is rich.
→ The man _______ suitcase is expensive is
rich.
The dog’s owner is the boy.
The dog has big eyes.
→ The dog _______ owner is the boy has big
eyes.
7. What
what = the thing which = 先行詞 + 關代
I brought you the thing which you want.
Can you please tell me the thing which I
need to know?
8. Where
where = in/at/on/to which =/= 關代
I want to buy the house _______ is big.
I want to buy the house _______ I grew up
in.
I want to buy the house in _______ I grew
up.
I want to buy the house _______ I grew up.
Adam will visit the city _______ is famous
for its French food.
Adam will visit the city _______ Mary
lives.
Adam will visit the city _______ Mary wants
to visit as well.
